How interesting the way the world! What until recently was exclusively the prerogative of professionals today can easily become a fun and original hobby. For example, soap-making. Of course, most homegrown soap-boiler enjoys preparing bases, are sold in specialty stores or mylovar of soap residue, or from a harmless children's soap. However, advanced needle women shoulder even soap-making from scratch! You know what it is?
Oh no! It's not just comprehension of the foundations of law and soap art in the absence of such knowledge. Soap making from scratch - is the production of soap base of chemical components, and then - the very soap-making. Such soap making method at home is known in two main embodiments or methods. Cold and hot method of soap making. In fact, these methods are very similar, but have some differences. Let's learn more about them.
Cold soap making
Soap "from scratch" at home - the process is quite dangerous, because you have to work with chemicals. So in addition to the components you need to stock up on soap base and accessories. So, for soap making cold method you will need:
material to protect the working surface (newspapers, oilcloth);
dimensional or plain glass weighing alkali;
electronic kitchen or pharmacy scales (with an accuracy of up to 0, 1 g);
heat-resistant glass beaker for breeding bases;
Two laboratory or cooking thermometer;
glass or metal pan;
cooling tank liquor;
a wooden spoon or spatula;
blender or mixer;
vinegar or citric acid in the case of contact with caustic to the skin;
Form to fill soap;
food film for vystilanija form;
towel;
knife.
In addition to these materials and tools you will need and personal protection: respirator, goggles and gloves. And most importantly - all the dishes that will be used for soap making should be intended only for this purpose. Use it for food products is strictly forbidden!
And, of course, the ingredients needed for soap making from scratch:
alkali;
water;
Basic (basic) oil;
perfumes or essential oils;
dyes;
excipients.
The required alkali is also known as caustic soda or sodium hydroxide. We need soft water, preferably bottled or spring clean, but not chlorinated. The base is small - it is sea buckthorn and wild rose, orange or peach, or even ordinary burdock or olive oil. Fillers can be used dried flowers or herbs, oatmeal, coffee, and all that is used in conventional soap making. So the process.
Blanketed the table and the floor around him oilcloth or newspaper, open a window or turn on the hood, put on goggles, gloves and a respirator, and prepare all materials and equipment. First, prepare an alkaline solution. On electronic scales put the glass and adjust them to the mark "zero". Now measure out the required amount of caustic soda, mound it in a glass with a spoon, so as not to raise the alkalinity of dust. Take refractory glass and putting it sheds, exhibiting the mark "zero" and weigh the right amount of water.
We put a glass of water in the sink and turn on the tap water, which cools our liquor. Gently dry alkali fall asleep in a glass of water. Warning: the solution will be very hot and give off fumes. Be careful to bend low to the sink. And further. It is important to fill the powder into the water, instead of doing the opposite. Now stir the solution until complete dissolution of the powder and leave it to cool.
Measure out the required amount of a base oil using an electronic balance and heat it in a water bath. Now thermometer measures the temperature of oil and alkaline solution. If their temperature is the same and thus it is not less than 30 and not more than 70 degrees, then mix both ingredients. The permissible temperature difference before mixing - no more than two degrees. So, pour lye to the oil in a thin stream, stirring constantly. In the process of mixing the mass begins to thicken and thicken, turning into a soap base. After that, beat it with a mixer or blender, achieving even greater density. Beat soap base to the so-called state of the track when the droplets flowing from the blades of the mixer or blender, left on the surface of the visible traces.
Then add any additional components: colorant, flavoring agents, excipients. Mix the mass and spread it in the form of the laid cling film. Cover with foil form (paper, cover), a towel wrapped leave for a day (at least). When the soap has hardened sufficiently, carefully remove it from the mold, cut into slices and laid out on a tray or cutting board for a few days. After three or four days to wrap soap parchment and leave for one month for ripening. Use only ripe soap.
Hot soap making from scratch
If the cold process soap making at home the finished product needs to mature for a few weeks, the hot method avoids this long process. By and large, the hot method repeats the cold, only soap is not ripen off the shelf, and digested before it is poured into a mold (or molds). Thus, materials and tools required are the same as for cold soap making, and in addition thereto capacity required for the water bath.
Thus, as in the first embodiment, mix the alkali with water heated base oils align the temperature of the alkaline solution and the oil and stir until the soap base step trace. After that, put the pan with soap base in a water bath so that the water in the tank is at the same level as the soap mass. Now we lay the foundation of a container of soapy towel, then cover. If you do not cover it with a towel soap mass by boiling it will drain condensate. Boil weight of about two hours, mixing every thirty minutes. In the process of boiling soap base first begin to gel, and then acquire the consistency of liquid wax. At this stage, the soap should be boiled for ten minutes. Determine the readiness of soap can be punched into the language. To do this, scoop a little soapy mass and touch her tongue tip (tip!). If the language does not sting, so soap base is ready.
Without removing the container from the water bath, add in all the extra weight of the soap ingredients: essential oils, perezhir (oil does not enter into chemical reactions and softens the skin), dyes and fillers. Thoroughly mix all and pour soap on formochkam. Each mold knock on the table, so that the air went out of soap and it is not a void. Soap at home allows you to get hot finished soap in a day.
Recipes soap from scratch
Soap - a fascinating process. A variety of hand-made soap recipe is simply amazing. You can prepare a moisturizing soap or nutritional, medicinal soap and exfoliating soap. In your hands (literally), and cream-soap and glycerine soap. Recipe can come up with your own, or you can use ready-made recipe. Here are just a few of them.
Soap "Milk and Honey"
247 g water;
94, 2 g of an alkali;
65 g of cocoa butter;
98 g of castor oil;
98 g of coconut oil;
98 g of palm oil;
65 g of sunflower oil;
52 g butter (perezhir);
15, 6 g of an oil of apricot pits (perezhir);
Coconut flavor;
Light honey (for one layer);
Titatna dioxide (for the second layer).
Grape soap
85, 7 g of an alkali;
220 g water;
30 g of fresh grape juice;
100 grams of grape seed oil;
40 g of castor oil;
24, 4 g of coconut oil;
100 g of corn oil;
330 g of palm oil;
2 tablespoons of ground grape seeds;
Grape flavor;
Titanium dioxide (for buffy coat).
Carrot Soap
247 grams of fresh carrot juice;
93, 56 g of an alkali;
11, 7 g of lactic acid;
33 g of beeswax;
98 g of castor oil;
65 g of coconut oil;
65 g of linseed oil;
228 g of palm oil;
Camelina oil 65g;
33 grams of pumpkin oil;
65 g of shea butter;
52, 16 g of a mixture of oil of apricot and peach kernel (perezhir);
Perfume with the scent of honey and tropical fruits;
2 tablespoons of buckwheat honey.
Orange-chocolate soap
340 g water;
100, 3 g of an alkali;
80 g of castor oil;
80 g of coconut oil;
80 g of linseed oil;
160 g of milk fat;
160 g of olive oil;
240 g of shea butter;
50 g of an orange oil;
2 tablespoons orange zest;
1 tablespoon of sea buckthorn oil (perezhir);
30 g of chocolate liquor.
Soap with clay and sea salt
304 g water;
64 g of olive oil (perezhir);
114.7 g of an alkali;
80 g of cocoa butter;
120 corn oil;
120 g of castor oil;
128 g coconut oil;
240 g of palm oil;
112 g of shea butter;
Essential oil of anise and mint;
The mixture of blue and black clay (one layer);
Sea salt (second layer).
Making soap recipe "from scratch"
Transform your home for a while in a chemical laboratory and using the ready recipes, you can learn the most professional soap-making at home. However, this advanced mylovar recipes make your own soap. Of course, professional soap-making - an art that requires specific knowledge and skills. For example, create the recipe for soap "from scratch"?
The main thing here - the accuracy of the calculations and measurements. Error even one gram can lead to a complete collapse of your venture. The amount of alkali depends on the amount of change and the main (base) oil. This dependence is expressed in a certain ratio, defined as the number of saponification. The amount of alkali calculated as: oil weight in grams multiplied by the saponification value and multiplied by 95%. The resulting number is the weight in grams of alkali. The amount of water depends on the weight of oil. To calculate the weight of water is necessary total weight of base oil multiplied by the number of "0 375". Different oils have different saponification number. Here are some of the characteristics of the oils used in soap making:
And in conclusion of our excursion into the world of professional soap making, we want to remind the security measures and some of the nuances.
The dry alkali in any case can not fall asleep in the water through the top of the banks (the package in which it is stored).
If an alkaline or alkaline solution dust falls on unprotected skin, it is necessary to wash nemedlnenno weak solution of vinegar or citric acid, and then with pure water.
Aluminum foil, dishes, strainers and spoons used for soap making from the ground up is impossible! The alkali reacts with the metal.
Soda ash instead of caustic can not be used!
Be careful, attentive and courteous. With due patience you are sure to learn the methods of soap making from scratch. Good luck!
