Only a few lucky, or vice versa - accidents, never faced in their educational practice (and in fact we are all educators of their own children) with a daunting task: accustoming the child to the pot. Despite the fact that this subject can not be considered as exciting as a regular bohemian scandal involving the popular media people or well-known politicians, but she worried almost all parents. And, therefore, proving to be far more important than what is put on the next ceremony known Russian "socialite."

Without getting deep into the jungle and looking for complex translations from Russian into Japanese, in advance of any child psychology and newfangled techniques Outset: all children without exception, sooner or later become accustomed to the pot. Of course, we do not take consideration of individual cases of psychiatric pathologies and deviations in the physical development of the body and the development of human personality.

But in the period of one to two years (two and a half) the average all healthy children accustomed to the constant attribute of personal hygiene. Consequently, all the fears of the older generation, mountain doctors and other "experts" at least ... exaggerated.

From this comes the second conclusion: if no time is of fundamental importance, there is no need to put pressure on the little man through the power of forcing him to "go to pot." This you can only extend immeasurably "domestication", if not create the child difficult to overcome in the future, and the psychological effects of trauma.

But this conclusion also does not mean that "once he ever learn, then you should not do anything." Do worth, but very gently, without pressure and infringement of rights, though small, but still a man, a citizen, a person.

In the eighties of the last century we have become very popular progressive methods of accustoming children to the pot in which it was possible to install a child reflexes at an early age, to one year. But the specifics of these techniques had one clear shortcoming: it is not appealing to the conscious behavior of the little man, namely the conditioned reflexes, which can be achieved through long and painful "exercise."

But the main problem in this case, it must be regarded as a conscious accustom the child. Well, when the graft early unconscious reflexes organically grew into a conscious behavior of the child. But this is not the norm of the child's behavior. Therefore I missed the moment of this transition led some young parents in the confusion: "How so? After all we have been taught-taught. And he suddenly forgot everything! ".

© Translation "Prima Vista"

Listening to fairy tales, baby dreams, plays, develops and grows ...! Experts do not doubt that the child needs to start reading from an early age. It is only important to remember that this activity should be fun for both of you.

We have child psychologists left no doubt: the children, even the youngest, books need no less than parental love, or good food. Although some parents this statement still perceive skeptical: why very young children fairy tales, even if they make sense of simple words do not understand? But scientists have all the evidence: the book not only help kids grow up, but also to instill in them a lifetime love of reading.

In the first reading

At first book for your baby will be primarily an object of study that promote the development of all five senses, including smell and taste. To see this, it suffices to observe behavior polutoragodovalogo child. After receiving the book at his disposal, he first stroking it flips upside down, he puts on the edge, and then sniffs, licks and pulls in his mouth! In order not to interrupt the introduction into the most exciting time in advance take care to choose your edition has been adapted to such extreme ways of "reading". It's easy: today, many publishers compete in ingenuity, releasing small-format booklets "rugged."

As in a mirror

The first book not only bring the child sensory experience and pleasure of communicating with parents, but also taught his observation .  Very soon, the baby begins to see images .  They give him a view of the outside world, so illustrations are a great success for children: for them is the ABC reality .  The kid quickly realizes that the pictures depict real things and phenomena .  Studies, for example, suggest that even very young children very rarely confused top and bottom of the picture .  In ten months, they already understand that the kitten depicted in the book and the cat curled up on the couch, it's not the same thing .  This transition to the perception symbol means the launch of the thought processes .  Around the same time, a small explorer discovers that the book is able to "speak"! On its pages, "are not only pictures but also words .  Of course, to make this important discovery without your intervention he fails .  The first book always speaks the voice of my mother, and only after a few years it replaces the silence of the printed word .  Thanks to your intonation plot becomes for him a special emotional value .

You do not have enough acting and creative approach? Fascinated by the listener forgive you for these shortcomings. What matters is that you read a story with soul, then your shyness or reservation he turned a deaf ear. In addition, every day training in declamatory art, sooner or later you're bound to discover a talent such reader and narrator, which previously did not know.

Time for dialogue

If there are pictures in the book, you describe in their own words on them or come up with a story that signatures on them there. Please describe the picture, then ask your child questions - such a simple way, you can spice up a new way for your baby. Even at an early age the child is quite capable to take upon hearing the story of a small, built from the simplest of words. In this role ideally suited tales, listening to that kid will gradually fill up your vocabulary. During this period, mysterious and incomprehensible words for remains is a magical world. Do not attempt to turn reading tales in informative lecture. Detailed analysis of each word with an excursion into the history does not leave room for imagination games. If the child that - it does not understand, it's not scary. If he really need to understand the meaning of an unfamiliar word, he will ask you for an explanation.

And what if the time and effort to read fairy tales remains? Or the soul to this occupation is not lying? Of course, in the world there are a lot of parents, who with the best intentions every night are forced to perform the ritual itself ... In this case, psychologists give two pieces of advice: Do not dramatize the situation and to stop treating reading as a duty. The verb 'to read' does not tolerate the imperative. Do not force yourself just because it is useful for the development of the baby.

Familiar tunes

Familiarity with the artistic style of speech is not just enrich children's vocabulary, but also sets the child some guidance. In contrast to the language of everyday communication, which is almost always correlated with the present moment, the story told in the book, and refers the reader to the past and to the future. In addition, the story is always a beginning and an end, between which in a logical unfolding of the plot twists and turns - is not a model of life itself!

Another important quality for baby: no matter how much time he or read the same book, because it is not lost a single word. This immutability and predictability of encouraging a child gives him confidence in the strength of his own existence. Dedkov sure to pull the turnip, and chicken will lay an egg, and certainly tomorrow, and after a month and a year. If the plot of fairy tales changed every night that convinced to part with their parents on the night the baby that mom or dad will not other the next morning? This need for stability and due to the fact that the little lover of fairy tales ready to listen to the familiar story of a hundred thousand times.

An Education

A good book can be identified primarily by the surge of emotions and feelings that she is with us. The child, as an adult, finds in it a reflection of their joys, sorrows, fears, and sometimes where you do not expect. The kid, for example, can see in the corner of the page and a tiny bird, ignoring the rest of the details of the picture, to demand from you the answer to the question: "Why titmouse sitting on a branch alone? ". And then not surprising confused: a fairy tale - that it does not say anything! But such a reaction is quite natural: the child gives vent to his spiritual experiences, because it is also worried about the eternal human fear of loneliness, death, separation.

Scary stories also perform an educational function, so if the baby wants you to check out the night fairy tale about an evil giant, do not try to talk him out of this venture. Prohibits such books is not worth it: the child has the right to choose what to listen to him. If he orders you a terrible story, so now he must go through the feeling of fear. To get rid of negative emotions, the child should lose it, but a fairy tale just allows him to do so.

On the soul and body

Allow your child to listen to you as he wants .  If your baby is eighteen months, you barely have time to read the first two sentences, runs across the room to play with cars, do not worry .  This does not mean that he will never love books .  Just some children need locomotor activity higher than that of other .  During a joint reading of the crumbs may suddenly be tempted to snuggle close to you, but in a minute he would be urgently needed to make a circle around the room ... these and many other ways the kid trying to survive the emotions derived from the story .  His feelings, he throws in his movements and gestures .  But it may also happen that one evening the child does not want to listen to a fairy tale .  In this case, you need to clear its refusal to hear and not to insist on .  Do not forget that at this stage of the novel that he is tied to the book, the most important - enjoy the process .

From 0 to 1, 5 years

Kid takes great poetic rhythms and intonation distinguishes. To select the first readings of poetry: it will give the first performance of a special artistic language, different from the everyday. Since the meaning of the content of the crumbs is not yet available, it is possible to read any poets.

When pipsqueak can sit and handle objects, you can give him books - Toys - cloth, rubber, cardboard, musical. The main thing on the same page should be portrayed a character that the kid could easily identify him, to show how the mew pussy where her tail, ears and a mustache.
Nursery rhymes, rhymes, lullabies help children build a model of the world. Also suitable books that tell about everyday events in the life of the baby: he has dinner, playing, sleeping.

1, 5 to 3 years

The child begins to speak, understand the meaning of many words and may present as a "kettle for coffee pot runs." It's time to acquaint him with poems Chukovsky, Marshak, Barto. Early reading - is communication, not only the baby with her mother, but also with the author and the artist - illustrator. The child is trying to "decode" images, so look for books with beautiful pictures and good characters: their faces child will learn to read emotions. "Acid" colors and the characters, drawn in the style of computer graphics - not the best choice.

The story should be simple and coherent, with a beginning, middle and end; the motives of the characters - are clear. Due to this structure, the text of the baby learns to build a sequence of events and pick up the cause - effect relationships.

Prefer short stories. You can start with the fairy tales with illustrations by Vladimir Suteeva ("Three kitten", "Chicken and Duck") and a series of books about Medvedik Karma Wilson and Jane Chapman. For 3 years, suitable stories "kitten named Woof" Grigory Oster and "The Adventures of Peter pig" Lyudmila Petrushevskaya. At the same time, you can read the well-known fairy tales. Audiobooks can be switched to 2 - 3 years. Their main difference from the usual books - the lack of live communication with his mother.

From 3 to 5 years

There is a temptation to impose kid cognitive encyclopedias and ABC. But in the pre-school age, most children played a leading role right hemisphere is responsible for creative thinking and emotional development. The left hemisphere is responsible for logical operations and processing of information, matures only 6 - 7 years. Congestion kid knowledge can lead to a nervous breakdown. The child learns to hear and perceive the literary text, enjoy the music of the verse, see the image behind the words. There are important poems and prose of classic children's stories with holistic: Stories Nosov, A.Raskina, B. Dragoon, Andersen's fairy tales, and so on. N.

Time for the Game Poetry (poems - shifter): baby is able to laugh at the world, inverted upside down. Offer them before does not make sense: the child does not understand and confused in a strange way. You can read A. Usachev, Yu.Morits A. Grigoriev.

"Therapeutic" books by contemporary authors on death, the birth of children, and so on. F. You can check out the kid in the case if this issue worries him and he shows to the subject of intense interest. Read them in educational purposes, or for a change is not necessary. It should be avoided, and books, which set out the familiar story in the style of a textbook, with puzzles like "And now calculate how many kids left in the house! ". This violates the integrity of the supply stroke of artistic perception.