Due to the fact that children are quite fast growing and developing, young mothers have to adapt all the time. And in diet the child as he matures, changes occur. Every month the baby's digestive system is improved, increased enzymatic activity, improved mouthfeel, increased capacity of the stomach (to reduce the number of feedings at the same time increasing the single dose).
By the end of the first year of life in children already have, as a rule, 6-8 teeth, which allows not only to swallow, and chew. These factors make it possible to diversify the child's diet after a year. And to bring the baby food to taste, texture and composition of food adults.
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Errors in the diet of children
Often when feeding children, crossed the one-year mark, the typical adult admit mistakes. Some moms year-old kid immediately begin to feed them with food intended for adults. Others continue to puree food to feed the children of 2-3 years of age. Both in one and in another case the power will be inferior. The transition from breast-feeding and mushy food to a full-fledged adult food should be gradual and include a "transitional meal."
Since ages 1 to 2 years masticatory apparatus are not yet fully developed (at this age, typically only start to appear posterior teeth), the food should be soft, not hard and dry, but at the same time not be pyurirovannoy . Meat of children from 1 to 1, 5 years give ground in the form of pudding, steam cutlets. Vegetables and fruits are finely grated. Older children (when they start to sprout molars) already have the meaning given food that requires chewing active.
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The basic principles of supply
For the full power of the child is necessary to observe the following principles. Food should be of high quality, meet the calorie needs and to ensure the daily supply of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts.
Protein - basic building material. At this age, insufficient intake of proteins adversely affects the growth and development of the child. The daily collection rate of proteins in the age of 1-3 years is 30-40 g per day. At the same time 2/3 of protein should be of animal origin (meat, fish, eggs, dairy products), and a third protein to be of plant origin (nuts, legumes).
Fats - one of the energy sources. With them come (and better absorbed) vitamins A, D, E and K. easily digestible sources of fats are fish oils, fats found in egg yolk, milk fat (butter, dairy products).
Carbohydrates - are involved in the metabolism of proteins and fats, are easily absorbed by the child's body. The daily rate of carbohydrates in the age of 1-3 years leaves about 130-200 of the main sources of carbohydrates at this age should be grains, fruits, vegetables, bread. Precautions must be treated to sugar, t. To. Its overabundance of negative impact on the health of the child.
Vitamins - regulate metabolic processes in the body. Due to the enormous influence they have on the health of the child, you must pay special attention to the quantity and quality of fruit and vegetables consumed daily child (because fruits and vegetables are the main sources of vitamins). And should seek to ensure that the child on the table there were vegetables and fruits grown in the area where the child lives, and the relevant season.
Minerals - building element of cells and tissue fluids, and at the same time they regulate metabolism. Minerals found in plant and animal foods, so it is necessary to diversify the child's diet these products.
Water. The body of the child after a year to 85% water. The daily need of the child in the water is about 90 ml. 1 kg weight. In addition to water at this age can be eaten stewed, broth hips, tea, after a year and a half - cocoa.
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What is the child's varied diet?
It can be concluded that the child needs to provide rich and varied diet. Scientifically proven that by eating a combination of a variety of products, some nutrients are absorbed better. The daily menu of the child need to be of the products included in the 7 major groups: 1. Milk and milk products. 2. Meat and meat products, fish, eggs. 3. Vegetable and dairy fats. 4.Hleb, flour, cereals. 5. Legumes. 6.Ovoschi. 7.Frukty.
For the health of the child requires that the daily diet consisted of foods from all seven groups. But do not assume that every day should be consumed all of the products. For example, two times a week, the meat should be excluded. It can be replaced by other products containing animal proteins: eggs, dairy products, fish. This is considered to be a varied diet.
A child at an early age to get used to a variety of foods and flavors to taste preferences were not only to a limited number of products, t. To. It entails the danger of one-sided and monotonous food.
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Diet child after a year
The most complete absorption of nutrients contained in the food is only possible in compliance with a rational diet
. It provides a physiologically reasonable number of feedings during the day, the intervals between them. Special research we identified - the most optimal for the child's body intervals between feedings at least 4 hours. If this interval children are still some food (sweets, biscuits, sweets, milk), the excitability of the alimentary center braked, and the next feeding a child loses appetite.
The stomach is also exempt from food for at least 4 hours. With smaller intervals between feedings food adopted in the previous and the new feeding, it fills the stomach, which is very bad for the digestion. Young children recommend to comply with the 4-hkratny feeding regime, combining this with other moments of the regime's (sleep, play, walks).
The most appropriate diet for infants mode is 4 times the power at 4-hchasovom interval between feedings and uniform distribution of food between feedings, both in quantity and ratio of essential nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates).
Organisational aspects
When feeding young children need to ensure a calm environment, directing the attention of the child to eat. You can not distract him by talking, singing, games and violently forced him to eat the amount of food that you think best for him. At this age, a child should be taught hygiene and cultural skills, to teach him to eat on their own.
Food is a little child shall be made of high-quality products. Meals should be varied, palatable and have an attractive, warm, must be submitted in a beautiful children's instruments. All this stimulates the appetite of the child. And all that is eaten with gusto and assimilated much better.
Contents:
Carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins
What products should not give
Sample menu for the 2-year-old kid
If a kid is naughty for food
For two years in a child erupt to 20 milk teeth. This means that it has a solid and can eat more roughage. It is useful not only for the development of the masticatory muscles, but also for intestinal peristalsis, which begins to digest food.
Meanwhile, the power of the child in 2 years is still different from the adult diet. Despite the fact that the digestive system is more perfect, the child's body can not accept some of the dishes.
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Carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins
Growing child's body needs a lot of carbohydrates. Feed your baby cereals. Kashi - an excellent source of energy for a little restless. Some kids do not like them. Creative imagination: add pieces of fruit cereal, dried fruit, vegetables or meat. You can cook porridge out of casseroles, meatballs or burgers.
Protein and vitamins, combined with excellent digestible carbohydrates. Bread, biscuits and pasta also contain a lot of carbohydrates. Gradually enter into the diet of dumplings, potato pancakes, crepes and pancakes. But pasta and flour products should not be carried away, as they have to excess weight. The daily bread ration (black or white) for the child is not more than 100 g
If annual legume dishes were not yet available, the 2-year-old can cook them periodically for the child.
The menu baby two years of age must be included milk and milk products. The child will not do low-fat milk or yogurt. Leave them to their diet. Although fats are found in its importance in the background, without the brain and nervous system develop normally will not.
It is known that milk products contain a lot of calcium therefore simply necessary for bone formation and growth of the child.
Include in the diet of cheese products. For a two-year toddler cheese is in second place after the milk and meat.
Surely the kid like cottage cheese, cereal, meat and vegetable casseroles. Flavored low-fat sour cream, they will satisfy even the most notorious capricious.
The source of protein are lean beef, lamb, liver, eggs, fish. Dishes from these products must be included in the menu of the baby at the age of two years. Not less than 1 time per week the child cook sea fish. It is rich in iodine and proteins. The fish can be boiled, stew or steamed. The meat does not necessarily give minced. Boiled or stewed, with sauce or gravy, meat is perfect for any garnish.
Dairy sausage, cooked low-fat sausages appear in the menu baby is extremely rare.
A special place in the child's diet, nutritionists withdrawn soups and other dishes first. They should be the menu daily. Borsch in meat broth most useful. Limit the use in soups and borscht bay leaf, tomato paste and other spices.
As for salads, salads, seasonal fruit and vegetables (radishes, cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini, squash, etc.), they can be given without restrictions (if the child is not allergic to them).
As the filling, use vegetable oil or low-fat sour cream. Do not let year-old child salads with mayonnaise.
Pickled tomatoes and cucumbers in the winter can be given in limited quantities, as the nutritional value of fresh vegetables they lose. Sauerkraut is rich in vitamin C. It can occasionally give a kid, but remember that it is often the cause of flatulence and intestinal cramps.
At the age of 2 years, the child can learn about cocoa, tea and coffee with milk and unnatural. As before, let him milk, fruit drinks, jelly. But with sweets such as candy and chocolate is better to wait. At lunch, you can offer your baby savory crackers or biscuits and candy, marshmallow and marmalade.
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What products should not give
Take the time to give your child carbonated soft drinks, potato chips and similar products, sausages, bouillon cubes, canned. Their nutritional value is very doubtful, because such products normally contain preservatives, food additives and dyes. Their processing - big challenge for the child's body.
Goose meat and duck are also poorly digested, so the age of two should not be cooking for children.
Any diet and vegetarianism will bring only harm children's health. If a baby is not a food allergy, no special diet should not be entered.
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Sample menu for the 2-year-old kid
We offer you a weekly menu for the nutrition of children under the age of two years.
On Monday
Breakfast
Cutlets Rice with prunes.
Drinkable yogurt.
Fruit. They can give as lunch.
Lunch
Salad of pumpkin and carrot.
Borsch in meat broth.
Lazy cabbage rolls.
Cottage cheese, pureed with sugar.
Dried fruits compote.
Zephyr, bread.
Afternoon snack
Cheesecakes.
Kefir.
Berries and fruit.
Dinner
Cauliflower, cooked in sour cream.
Milk or yogurt.
Bread with jam or honey.
Tuesday
Breakfast
Fish with vegetables and rice, baked.
Cocoa.
Sandwich with butter and cheese.
Lunch
Carrot-apple salad.
Soup with meatballs.
Pasta or noodles with boiled meat.
Compote or jelly.
Afternoon snack
Milk.
Biscuit.
Fruit.
Dinner
Lazy dumplings with sour cream.
Apple juice.
Environment
Breakfast
Cottage cheese casserole.
Sandwich with butter.
Apricot juice.
Lunch
Salad with beets, dried plums and walnuts.
Meat soup.
Mashed potatoes with fish meatballs.
Compote from the hips.
Zephyr.
Afternoon snack
Pear dessert.
Yogurt or milk.
Dinner
Pasta with sausage.
Tea with milk.
Fruit.
Thursday
Breakfast
Semolina.
Carrot juice.
An Apple.
Lunch
Vegetable salad.
Soup fish meatballs.
Cheesecakes with sour cream.
Fruit and berry compote.
Bread.
Afternoon snack
Biscuit.
Cocoa and milk.
Fruit.
Dinner
Pilaf with fruit.
Milk.
Fri
Breakfast
Oatmeal.
Cottage cheese with sugar.
Cocoa.
Fruit.
Lunch
Vitamin salad.
Milk soup with vegetables and rice.
Roulade with cauliflower.
Cherry juice.
Paste.
Bread.
Afternoon snack
Corn flakes with milk.
Salad with carrots and raisins.
Dinner
Omelet.
Stuffed zucchini.
Milk.
Sat
Breakfast
Vegetable souffle with chicken.
Cocoa.
Sandwich with butter and cheese.
Lunch
Apple and beet salad.
Pea soup.
Fishcakes.
Boiled potatoes.
Compote.
Bread.
Afternoon snack
Banana pudding.
Kefir.
Dinner
Dumplings with cottage cheese.
Milk.
Sunday
Breakfast
Baked buckwheat liver.
Prune juice.
Crackers with vanilla.
Lunch
Salad with cucumber and white cabbage.
Vegetable soup.
Chicken with vegetables in cream sauce.
Cottage cheese with sugar to.
Jelly fruit.
Bread.
Afternoon snack
Buns.
Milk.
Dinner
Fruit salad, dressed with yogurt.
Fritters beef liver.
Tea with milk.
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If a kid is naughty for food
Many mothers do not face the vagaries of meals. They can handle only needs to be patient.
Time and place of the meal should be the same. Develop a ritual to which the child will soon get used to.
Buy a beautiful children's dishes. Let your baby be a plate on the bottom of which are illustrated fairy-tale characters. While he eats, you can tell him a story, the end of which will be shown on the plate.
If a child eats at the table, instilling in him a culture of eating, shows how to use napkins and cutlery.
Do not expose all the dishes on the table. Serve the salad first, then the first, second, with a side dish, and only then drinks. The child will have no choice, so he eats everything in the correct sequence.
Do not make your baby have forcibly. Children's body will know the limits of saturation. Besides overeating is bad and from the next meal the child simply refuses.
